A Guide for Estimating Moisture Content of Soil

Contact: Diane Relf, Extension Specialist, Environmental Horticulture

August 1996

% of field capacity Adequacy of soil moisture for plant growth Loamy sand, sandy loam Silt loam, loam Silty clay loam
100 plus Saturated soil- too much moisture and too little air in the soil; can damage plants if this condition persists Free water appears on soil when squeezed Same as sandy loam sandy loam
100 Excess moisture has drained into subsoil after rainfall or irrigation and optimum amounts are available in root zone for plant growth When squeezed, no free water appears on the surface, but it leaves a wet outlineon your hand

Forms weak ball; usually breaks when bounced in hand, will not stick

Same as sandy loam

Forms a very pliable ball; sticks readily

Same as sandy loam

Ribbons out (can be formed into a thin strand when rolled between thumb & forefinger), has a slick feeling

75 Adequate moisture for plant growth / Marginal moisture for plant growth; time to irrigate Tends to ball under pressure, but breaks easily when bounced in hand Forms a ball, somewhat plastic, sticks slightly with pressure Forms a ball, ribbons out between thumb and forefinger, has a slick feeling
50 Inadequate moisture for plant growth pressure Appears to dry; will not form a ball with pressure Somewhat crumbly, but holds together Somewhat pliable, balls under pressure
25 Moisture in soil is unavailable for plant growth Dry, loose, falls through fingers Powdery, sometimes crusty, but easily broken down into a powdery condition Hard, cracked, difficult to break down to powdery condition

NOTE: Soil sample used was at 4 to 6 inches depth. Adapted with permission from: Craig, C.L. 1976. Strawberry Culture in Eastern Canada. Agric. Canada Publication 1585:19.

(Originally published as "A Guide for Estimating Moisture Content of Soil" in The Virginia Gardener Newsletter, Volume 11, Number 3.)

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