August 1996
Camellias are among the finest shrubs for southeastern Virginia where mild winter temperatures prevail. The common Japanese camellia, Camellia japonica, is the most widely planted species. Over 2000 varieties are available that have originated as a result of sports, seedlings, and hybrids. The plants are moderately hardy (hardy in Zones 7 to 9) and may be seriously damaged when the temperature drops lower than 10 degrees above zero. Some hardy varieties, such as 'Lady Clare' (dark pink) and 'White Empress' (white), are available that may be grown in the cooler central and western parts of the state.
The camellia is an evergreen shrub that may grow to a height of 25 feet. The lustrous, dark-green, leathery leaves are 4 inches long, making the camellia a fine landscape plant even when not in bloom.
The flowers, which range in color from white to pink and red, are from 3 to 5 inches in diameter. They are borne on different varieties from September until April. In cool localities, the selection should be confined to varieties that bloom from September to November and in March and April. The flowers may be single, semi-double, or double.
Camellia sasanqua is considered less dependable than the Camellia japonica in the cooler sections of Virginia (also hardy in Zones 7 to 9). This evergreen shrub is more loose and open than the common camellia. It has leaves about 2 inches long, and plants grow to a height of 20 feet. Sasanqua camellias bloom only from late October through December. The flowers are mostly white and single and are 2 to 3 inches in diameter.
Camellias are among the best shrubs for planting in partially shaded locations, especially under tall pines. Select a well-drained, sandy loam soil, with a slightly acid pH of 5.5 to 6.0. Space plants at least 6 feet apart to allow the shrubs to develop their natural form.
Soil moisture should be conserved by using a mulch of peat moss, pine needles, or bark or wood chips. Apply additional water during periods of dry weather to promote vigorous growth.
Light applications of a 10-10-10 fertilizer may be used to maintain dark-green, attractive foliage. Do not use more than one cupful per plant in early spring when growth starts.
Camellias grow very slowly. They require very little pruning except for the removal of damaged branches and long shoots that detract from the attractive form of the shrubs. The pruning should be done in early spring after the coldest winter weather is past and the blooming season is completed.
(From "Camellias Give Beautiful Flowers on an Evergreen Shrub," by Wesley P. Judkins, Cooperative Extension Service, Virginia Tech, in MH 81.)