Canadian Hemlock

(Tsuga canadensis)

Contact: Diane Relf, Extension Specialist, Environmental Horticulture

August 1996

Summary:

Foliage: Evergreen needles
Height: 40 to 70 feet
Spread: 25 to 35 feet
Shape: Upright

Evergreen needles are short, flat and dark green with narrow, white stripes on the underside. Its small cones are only about 1/2 inch long.

Plant Needs:

Zone: 4 to 8
Light: Partial shade to full sun
Moisture: Wet or moist
Soil Type: Sandy, loam, or clay
pH Range: 3.7 to 6.5

Functions:

Suggested uses for this plant include border, hedge, massing, screen, and windbreak.

Planting Notes:

Transplants readily, but requires good soil.
Plant in spring or fall using plants that have balled and burlapped roots.
Plant in sheltered location away from open, exposed, windy areas. Prefers partial shade.
Will not thrive in hot, dry conditions.

Care:

Prune in spring and summer, if needed.
Withstands heavy pruning and shearing.

Problems:

Does not tolerate air pollution, salt, and prolonged dry periods.
Rust mites and scale insects are the most common insect problems in Virginia.
Ends of branches may be killed back when temperature reaches 95 degrees F.

Alternatives:

Consult local sources, including historic or public gardens and arboreta, regarding cultivars and related species that grow well in your area.

Cultivars of TSUGA CANADENSIS:
`Sargentii' is a spreading form with weeping branches.

Comments:

Hemlock is one of the most graceful and beautiful of the needled evergreen trees.
It is one of the better needled evergreens for growing as a hedge.
Native to western Virginia, it can rarely survive the heat of the Tidewater area.

Additional Materials:

The PRUNING SERIES videotape can be ordered through your local Extension office.
The following Extension publications are available through your local Extension office or directly from: Virginia Tech Extension Distribution Center 112 Landsdowne St. Blacksburg, VA 24061
#426-500 "Winter Injury to Trees and Shrubs"
#426-605 "Selecting Landscape Plants - Conifers"

This material was developed by Carol Ness as part of the Interactive Design and Development Project funded by the Kellogg Foundation. Mary Miller, Project Director. Diane Relf, Content Specialist, Horticulture. Copyright 1989 by VCE.

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