Powell River Project
Reclamation Guidelines for Surface-Mined Land in Southwest Virginia

Revegetation Species and Practices

Authors: Jeff Skousen, Associate Professor and Extension Reclamation Specialist, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University; and Carl E. Zipper, Extension Specialist, Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, and Associate Director, Powell River Project, Virginia Tech

Publication Number 460-122, January 1997

Nodules formed by Rhizibium bacteria on the roots of red clover (Trifolium pratense). The upper left photo is a close up of nodules in the lower right portion of the lower photo. When Rhizobium bacteria are present, legumes can fix nitrogen from the air, satisfying their own N-nutrition requirements and providing excess N to non-legume plant species present.

Return to the Nitrogen Fixation section of Revegetation Species and Practices.